The protocol paper.
How CRIOS structures metered issuance, tiering, and an append-only ledger — and how it plans to expand market by market, only where an official displacement factor and a metering partner exist.
CRIOS issues accounts against metered activity. For the pilot category, CRIOS-RE, generation is measured by Karbera at the plant level in Brazil and converted to tCO₂ using the official Brazilian grid displacement factor of 0.3271 tCO₂/MWh.
Every event is written to an append-only ledger; account balances are derived from that ledger rather than stored directly. All issuance today happens on testnet — nothing is for sale, no funds settle, and holders can hold or retire (pilot); trading follows regulatory clearance. Indicative pricing only. Not an offer to sell or a quote.
Expansion is market by market: a new market is added only once it has both an official displacement factor and a metering partner. No launch dates are promised and no registries are named until an integration is live.
Four tiers, one ledger.
Modeled. Estimated from installed capacity and irradiation data while metering is being proven. Not retirable.
Metered. Generation data captured from the plant via Karbera, with an official grid displacement factor applied.
Programme-issued. Issued under an external programme's methodology with third-party verification.
Legacy. Pre-existing credits ported into CRIOS with provenance preserved.
The tier system, the append-only ledger and derived-balance model, and the pilot scope. Testnet only.
Metered generation via Karbera, multiplied by the official Brazilian grid displacement factor (0.3271 tCO₂/MWh).
Tier 0 modeled, Tier 1 metered, Tier 2 programme-issued, Tier 3 legacy ported. Definitions and what is and isn't retirable.
How CRIOS would ingest pre-existing credits from an external programme with provenance preserved. No integration announced.